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Rumors of Mueller’s Report Results-Dems
Mount Multiple Efforts to Undermine Trump Regardless of Results
Recently
Nancy Pelosi seems to back off the idea of efforts of impeachment, perhaps
because she knows there is no evidence damning the President from the recent
two year Senate investigation or from the forthcoming Mueller Report [though it
is rumored the report is already set for sale on Amazon later this month!].
Long time
readers of this blog know that I wrote in 2016 of information that was shared
with me that Steele Dossier was contrived from a disgraced MI6 agent, paid for
by the Democrats and used by the them and the Deep State to further go after
the President in an effort to “dump Trump.”
I still believe that. The
following is an excerpt from the Washington
Examiner…
Special counsel Robert Mueller’s final report is said to be close to completion and
ready for submission to the Justice Department. There is even conjecture that
it is already finished, but Mueller decided, or was perhaps persuaded by newly
confirmed Attorney General William Barr, to delay submission until President
Trump returns from the Southeast Asia talks with North Korean strongman Kim
Jong Un.
In a
perfect world, the final report would be a nonevent. Alas, that is not our
world, so Mueller’s conclusion will be only the beginning of a free-for-all,
featuring Washington hypocrisy at its worst. The special counsel has conducted
a legal probe, but the Trump-Russia narrative has always been political, more
about ramifications for 2020 than accountability for 2016.
In that
imaginary, perfect world, the Mueller report would be a nonevent for three
reasons.
irst and
foremost, the report should not tell us much that we do not already know. Of
course, there are fascinating facts to be learned. What was the precise nature
of “collusion” between the Kremlin and the Trump campaign? What exactly
happened at the Trump Tower meeting between top campaign officials and a lawyer
connected to the Putin regime — the meeting at which Donald Trump Jr. expected
to receive information that might devastate Hillary Clinton’s candidacy, but
that we’ve been led to believe was a dud? Did the president obstruct the Russia
investigation by firing FBI Director James Comey? Did he obstruct justice by
earlier leaning on Comey to drop the investigation of retired Gen. Michael
Flynn, the national security adviser Trump had just fired for allegedly
misleading Vice President Mike Pence about his conversations with Russia’s
ambassador to the U.S.?
All
interesting questions. But they’re not supposed to be answered publicly unless
charges are filed.
The
media-Democrat complex has been extremely supportive of Mueller in hopes that
he would transcend what, in the end, is his modest role: that of prosecutor.
Democrats prefer to see him as counsel to a congressional impeachment
committee, on the hunt for high crimes and misdemeanors, unconstrained by the
federal penal code. Or even better, as an investigative journalist in the Bob
Woodward mold, preparing a mini-bio on the thousand reasons Trump is unfit for
the duties of his high office. Or at the very least, be a special prosecutor
modeled on Democrats’ Clinton-era bete noire, independent counsel Kenneth
Starr. To be sure, Democrats and their punditocracy had no use for Starr back
in the day, vilifying his every move, ridiculing his inflation of “lies about
sex” into a “constitutional crisis.” But that was then. For present purposes,
Starr is an exemplary historical figure because he produced a mammoth narrative
that served as the road map to impeachment. What they loathed at the time, they
will demand now.
Mueller,
however, fills none of the roles his heretofore admirers have in mind. Special
counsel is a snazzy title, and the office is endowed with a bloated staff
and seemingly bottomless budget.
But that obscures the fact that Mueller is merely a Justice Department
prosecutor, an inferior officer who, unlike the nation’s 94 district United
States attorneys and the upper-echelon political appointees at Main Justice,
has not even been confirmed by the Senate. Yes, Mueller is a prestigious
personage in law enforcement circles, a former FBI director who held
high-ranking positions as a Justice Department lawyer. Technically speaking,
though, the only difference between him and thousands of other line prosecutors
who work cases is that Mueller reports directly to the attorney general. He is
not independent. He is firmly within the Justice Department’s chain of command,
bound by its guidelines and regulations.
Why does
that matter? Because under Justice Department protocols, prosecutors do not
publicize the evidence against persons whom they do not formally charge with
crimes. Federal probes tend to uncover all sorts of juicy facts, many of great
public curiosity. The prosecutor’s task, however, is not to be a raconteur,
policy analyst, or historian. It is simply this: to determine whether an
investigation has generated sufficient evidence to justify seeking an indictment.
Every
criminal investigation focuses on factual transactions that may give rise to
criminal offenses prescribed by statute. Every criminal offense is composed of
certain “essential elements,” the three or four components of activity, actus
reus, and intent, mens rea, that must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt to
support a conviction. Even if those elements are provable in a given case,
Justice Department standards also come into play. Namely, the exercise of
prosecutorial discretion that asks whether an offense is serious enough to
warrant federal prosecution.
If a
case is adjudged unworthy of prosecution, a federal prosecutor simply closes
the file. There is a short, nonpublic, intra-office memo in which it is noted
that the case was discontinued for want of evidence or that it was not of a
gravity that called for prosecution, versus some other remedy, such as an
administrative fine or a diversionary program for petty offenses. No public
pronouncement is made that the investigation has been closed. After all, the
decision not to charge is without prejudice; if new evidence emerges, the case
can simply be reopened. There is no double jeopardy protection against
being investigated twice, only against multiple prosecutions
for the same offense.
The rule
of the road is thus that the Justice Department speaks only when ready to
indict formally. Indictment is the point in our system when an accused,
presumed innocent, is vested with due process protections, assistance of
counsel, discovery, subpoena power, etc., that enable him to answer the charges
in court, where the government is put to its burden of proof. Unless the
government is prepared to back its allegations with the presentation of
compelling admissible evidence, it is required to remain silent.
To its
credit, the Mueller probe has honored these standards. To say that we should
not learn much that is new from the special counsel’s final report is not to
muzzle the prosecutor. Indeed, we must acknowledge that we have already learned
a great deal from his work.
Mueller
has indicted several people who participated in, or were in the orbit of, the
Trump campaign: Flynn, Paul Manafort, Richard Gates, George Papadopoulos,
Michael Cohen, and Roger Stone, as well as Alex van der Zwaan and Konstantin
Kilimnik, who aided and abetted in some of the schemes of Manafort and Gates.
With respect to each defendant he has charged, the special counsel filed either
a narrative indictment that explained the allegations in detail or a “statement
of the offense” that explicated the conduct constituting the offenses charged.
If there is a valid criticism to be made of Mueller’s practice in this regard,
it is that the prosecutor’s charges, mostly process crimes involving false
statements to investigators, have been puny in comparison to his narrative
statements. The latter say far more than what is necessary to prove the formal
accusation levied. For example, “collusion” pours off every page of the lengthy
“statement of the offense” Mueller filed in Papadopoulos’ case: meetings with
shadowy figures portraying themselves as Kremlin assets (one even pretending to
be Vladimir Putin’s niece!), talk of a trove of Clinton emails, purported plans
for summits between the GOP nominee and the Russian dictator. In the end,
though, it’s collusion interruptus — Papadopoulos pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI about the date of a meeting. The more recent Stone
indictment features 20 pages of heavy breathing about Russian cyber ops,
WikiLeaks legerdemain, and the breathless anticipation of a Clinton campaign
implosion. When you flip to the last two pages, though, Stone is charged in
seven process crimes that impeded congressional investigations — nothing to do
with conspiracy, espionage, or hacking.
Patently
then, the narratives are designed to tell a larger story of Trump-Russia
interaction. That is not the prosecutor’s job unless that interaction, or
“collusion,” has risen to the level of a Trump-Russia conspiracy.
Mueller
has also filed indictments against two sets of Russian operatives: a total of
25 individuals and three corporations, charged with hacking conspiracy, the case
against intelligence agents, or social media influence campaigns, the “troll
farm” case. In addition, a fraudster, Richard Pinedo, has been charged with
helping the Russians acquire fake identities that facilitated their schemes.
Commentators
take pains to note that Mueller, while investigating suspected coordination
between the Kremlin and the Trump campaign, has charged nearly three dozen
defendants. Omitted are the inconvenient facts that the indictments of Trump
associates have nothing to do with Russia’s interference in the 2016 election,
while the indictments of Russian cyber spies have nothing to do with Trump. In
fact, their operations predated Trump’s entry into the campaign, and sometimes
worked against Trump.
The
blunt fact is that the special counsel has neither charged the president with a
crime nor even implicated him in criminal activity. To exaggerate the gravity
of convictions of Trump associates by highlighting the number of Russians
simultaneously indicted is disingenuous.
That
said, the indictments of alleged Kremlin operatives are significant as a
statement of Mueller’s theory of the case. The Russians are, well, in Russia.
They are under Putin’s protection. They are never going to be extradited to the
United States, and they are never going to see the inside of an American
courtroom. Naturally, Mueller’s prosecutors knew this when they filed the
charges. The two Russia indictments, consequently, are a narrative freebie.
They are Mueller’s opportunity to make extravagant allegations that will never
be challenged in court and will therefore stand as the official United States
government version of what happened.
Mueller
exploited this opportunity, attempting to put to rest some nettlesome issues,
particularly the basic question of whether the Russian government is guilty of
meddling in the 2016 election. While the FBI, CIA, National Security Agency,
and director of national intelligence have publicly reported their conclusion
that Russia interfered, there is a huge difference between an intelligence
finding (basically, a probability) and proof beyond a reasonable doubt (the
demanding courtroom standard for establishing guilt).
Let’s
stipulate that, as a matter of intelligence analysis, the agencies are right
that Putin’s regime was behind the hacking of Democratic email accounts and the
peddling of campaign-related propaganda on social media. It would nonetheless
have been extremely difficult for prosecutors to prove the regime’s culpability
under the demanding due process standards that apply in criminal trials.
Federal investigators, for some reason, never subpoenaed or otherwise seized
the DNC servers that were allegedly penetrated by Russian cyber spies. For
intelligence analysis purposes, it might be perfectly appropriate for the FBI to
rely on a forensic examination conducted by a reputable private company,
CrowdStrike, for the conclusion that Russia did it. In a criminal trial, by
contrast, defense lawyers would portray investigators as derelict in (a)
failing to perform the rudimentary investigative steps of taking custody of the
corpus delicti and conducting their own forensic examination and (b) farming
out an investigation essential to national security, and not even to their own
contractor, but rather to a firm retained by Democrats, who have a powerful
political motivation to blame Russia. In a criminal trial, even if prosecutors
could get over this hurdle, what witnesses do they have who can testify about
the Putin regime’s activities and intentions? Intelligence agents have wide latitude
to base conclusions on hearsay, historical information, and sensitive sources
who cannot testify publicly; prosecutors need courtroom proof.
Still,
let’s concede for argument’s sake that Mueller could prove the assertions in
the Russia indictments he knows he’ll never have to back up in court. It is
worth noting what the special counsel did not allege: that
Kremlin operatives conspired with the Trump campaign. Such an allegation, which
is at the heart of what Mueller was appointed to investigate, is not posited in
any charging document nor has it been elicited from any defendant in a guilty
plea proceeding.
Contrast
that to the prosecution of Michael Cohen by federal prosecutors in the Southern
District of New York. Cohen, Trump’s former lawyer and self-described “fixer,”
pleaded guilty in Mueller’s probe to misleading Congress about the duration of
negotiations to construct a Trump Tower in Moscow. In the SDNY case he pleaded
guilty, among other charges, to two counts of campaign finance nondisclosure
violations, involving hush money payments to two women who claim to have had
extramarital flings with Trump about a dozen years ago. When Cohen entered his
guilty plea in court, prosecutors made a point of adducing from him that the
president, then a candidate, had directed Cohen to make the payments. This is
why Trump has potential criminal jeopardy in that case (although there are good
legal defenses available if he is ever charged). But here is the salient point:
If Mueller had proof that Trump had directed his subordinates, for example, to
collude in Russian activities or to lie to investigators, he would have made
that proof public when the relevant subordinates pleaded guilty, just like the
SDNY did. Since he did not, we must infer that he lacks such evidence.
In any
event, prosecutors are supposed to speak publicly through the charges they file
and remain mum about suspicions that do not pan out or behavior that, though
unsavory, does not cross the threshold of criminal misconduct. The charging
documents Mueller has filed provide significant insight about what the
government believes Russia did to interfere in the election, the relationships
Manafort and Gates had with Ukrainian politicians and oligarchs supported by
the Kremlin, and about how some people affiliated with the Trump campaign,
mostly at a low level, misled investigators about matters that, while
“material” in the legal sense, seem mostly trivial in the greater scheme of
things. All that information is already public, as it should be.
On the
other hand, recall that, for well over a year, the Mueller investigation was
overseen by Rod Rosenstein, the deputy attorney general who appointed the
special counsel. It was Rosenstein who drafted the memorandum the
administration originally offered as the rationale for the president’s firing
of Comey. Rosenstein’s reasoning? Comey had flagrantly violated Justice
Department policy and due process principles by holding a press conference to
outline the evidence against Clinton even though the emails investigation
resulted in no charges against her. When a person is not charged, whether it is
you, me, Clinton, or the president of the United States, the Justice Department
is not supposed to disclose the fruits of its investigation.
The
second reason Mueller’s report should be a nonevent involves the nature of the
probe. Rosenstein assigned Mueller a counterintelligence investigation,
specifically, the investigation described in then-Director Comey’s March 2017
House Intelligence Committee testimony. Comey had publicly acknowledged that
the FBI, pursuant to its counterintelligence authorities, was examining
Russia’s interference in the election, a probe that included scrutiny of any
Trump campaign contacts with Russian government operatives and possible Trump
campaign coordination in Russian government activities.
This was
a stunning announcement. It is not just that the Justice Department and FBI
customarily refuse to confirm or deny the existence of any type of
investigation, nor even that these guidelines against prejudicing uncharged
persons forbid the public identification of the subjects of any kind of
investigation. It is that counterintelligence investigations are classified.
Frequently, top-secret. The objective of a counterintelligence probe is to divine
the intentions and thwart the actions of foreign powers (generally, hostile
regimes or terrorist organizations) that may harm national security and other
vital American interests. Unlike in criminal investigations, the aim is not to
root out crime or build prosecutions. Investigators have latitude to probe
activity that is not necessarily criminal in part because the
counterintelligence probe is secret, thus there is no possibility of tainting
people who may be investigated even though they haven’t done anything illegal.
The
assignment of a counterintelligence probe to a special counsel was highly
irregular. Counterintelligence work is not prosecutor work; it involves
intelligence gathering and analysis, not the application of legal principles in
court proceedings. Lawyers have no special aptitude for it, and such
investigations are not routinely assigned to prosecutors. They are worked by
trained FBI intelligence agents. Government attorneys get involved only if
legal support is required, such as if the agents need to request domestic
spying authority from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.
Not
surprisingly, then, the special counsel regulations do not provide for an
appointment in a counterintelligence investigation. There is not supposed to be
a special counsel unless two conditions are met: (1) concrete factual grounds
to believe a crime has been committed that would trigger a criminal
investigation or prosecution and (2) a conflict of interest so severe that the
Justice Department cannot ethically handle the criminal investigation, such
that an attorney from outside the government is needed. In his haste to appoint
a special counsel in the frenetic days after Trump fired Comey, Rosenstein
flouted these rules by not articulating a basis for a criminal investigation of
the president. It has become increasingly manifest that there was none.
On that
score, it is incoherent to claim, as has former FBI Deputy Director Andrew
McCabe (fired for lying to agents investigating his leak of investigative information
to the press), that there was fear that Trump may have obstructed the FBI’s
Russia investigation by firing Comey. Of course, it is understandable that FBI
and Justice Department officials were flabbergasted when Trump, the day after
dismissing Comey, spoke insultingly of him for the consumption of Russian
diplomats, foolishly adding that the firing removed “pressure” that he had been
under due to “Russia.” All that said, though, Trump never took any steps
to interfere with the Russia investigation; the “pressure” he
felt was due to Comey’s refusal to state publicly what he was privately
assuring the president: Trump was not a suspect.
More to
the point, a president cannot be said to “obstruct” a counterintelligence
investigation as he might a criminal investigation. The latter type of probe is
done to vindicate the law in court proceedings, and presidents may be liable if
they corrupt the investigative process (e.g., by tampering with witnesses or
evidence). To the contrary, a counterintelligence investigation is done for
the president. It is an intelligence gathering exercise in support of the
president’s national security duty to safeguard Americans against foreign
threats. It is completely within the president’s discretion to shut down a
counterintelligence investigation (which, again, Trump did not do). It is the
president, not the FBI, who determines the nation’s intelligence priorities.
Pace McCabe, it is not the FBI’s Russia investigation; it is
the president’s Russia investigation that the FBI is supporting. It could be
unwise to shut down a counterintelligence probe; it would not be illegal.
To the
extent Mueller’s final report is more expansive than would be a narrow
explanation of a charging decision in a criminal case, it is because he was given
the extraordinary task of assessing the Russia threat for counterintelligence
purposes. That is a classified mission, which obviously militates against
disclosure.
Finally,
Mueller’s report should be a nonevent because the regulations intend it to be.
Unlike Starr, Mueller is not operating under the old independent counsel
statute, which was allowed to lapse after the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal. That
law required the independent counsel to furnish a report that addressed not
only court-prosecutable crimes but also potential impeachable offenses that
Congress might consider. As already observed, Mueller has no such duty; he is
merely a prosecutor whose duty is to determine whether or not there is
sufficient evidence to file charges and to explain that determination to the
attorney general.
The
regulations, moreover, call for the special counsel’s report to be
confidential. It is supposed to be written for the eyes of the attorney general
only, making it like the routine exercise of closing a case in a district U.S.
attorney’s office. The sole difference is that the law vests the attorney
general with discretion to determine how much, if any, of the report may be
disclosed. In exercising that discretion, the attorney general must account for
the laws and policies that discourage disclosure: the due process standards
against publicizing the evidence against uncharged persons, the national
security imperative of maintaining the secrecy of classified intelligence about
foreign powers, and any judicially recognized confidentiality privileges,
including the executive privilege that protects presidential communications
with close advisers, at least when preserving confidentiality would not cover
up criminal activity.
In light
of these considerations, Mueller’s report should not cause a stir. We already
know that, through 20 months of work, he has not alleged wrongdoing by the
president. We know, moreover, that the charges he has filed in elaborate
narrative documents appear to preclude the possibility of a Trump-Russia
criminal conspiracy.
This is
Washington, of course, so there will be a ruckus regardless. Now in control of
the House, Democrats began grousing weeks ago that the failure to disclose the
report in toto would amount to a scandalous cover-up. They are promising to
subpoena the report, heedless of the Justice Department’s strong legal
justifications for withholding it. They are promising to subpoena Mueller
himself, heretofore their white knight, for chapter and verse on what he
learned. Since impeachable offenses need not be penal offenses, they will
insist the absence of criminal charges against Trump is beside the point. They
will demand the full report so that articles of impeachment can be considered.
For his
part, Barr committed in his confirmation hearing to provide as much transparency
as the law and the circumstances reasonably allow. That could mean no
transparency or it could mean something that looks like openness but is really
just a rehash of what Mueller has already made public. There has been some
suggestion that the Justice Department might provide an unclassified summary of
the special counsel’s report, similar to what the intelligence agencies did
when they inculpated Russia after the 2016 election. But that will satisfy no
one.
For
months, congressional Democrats have expressed outrage over inquiries by
Republican-dominated committees into the Obama Justice Department’s use of
counterintelligence authorities to investigate the Trump campaign. Democrats
applauded as Main Justice and the FBI stonewalled demands for documents and
testimony; the media chimed in, accusing Republicans of undermining vital
institutions that undergird the rule of law. Now, of course, everything will be
different. Democrats and their media megaphone will insist that the “public
interest” (i.e., their own political interest) requires that every comma in
Mueller’s report be revealed. Although most Americans have moved on, we will be
told the Trump-Russia probe is simply too critical for the observance of such
niceties as due process.
The
Mueller investigation may be at an end. The fun is just beginning.
Andrew C. McCarthy, a former chief
assistant U.S. attorney in New York, is a senior fellow at National Review
Institute, a contributing editor at National Review, and a Fox News
contributor.
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1 comment:
Everyone I know is sick and tired of the Democratic party & its eternal efforts to undermine Trump & the American middle class-it would seem its only goal is to undermine middle America at every turn from taking away its gun rights to destroying our educational system over the past 25 years or so or publicly slamming our own nation in public to the world...Of course, everything is Trump's fault & they will spend every ounce of OUR tax dollars to destroy him while ignoring the peril China presents, ignoring our power grid, our infrastructure.
A POX on these self-serving jerks!
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